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Dépister le cancer grâce à l’haleine

Le développement de cellules cancéreuses s’accompagne de l’émission d’un panel de composés organiques volatils (COV) dans les fluides corporels et notamment dans l’haleine. Ces composés chimiques ont la particularité de voir leurs concentrations (de l’ordre de quelques ppb) évoluer en fonction de l’état d’avancement de la maladie. L’analyse de ces composés présents dans l’haleine apparait alors comme étant une approche originale, non invasive et permettant un diagnostic précoce du cancer augmentant ainsi les chances de guérison du patient.

Au milieu des années 2000, une équipe du TECHNION en Israël proposait un premier prototype d’analyseur d’haleine pour le diagnostic précoce du cancer du poumon. Ce dispositif repose essentiellement sur l’utilisation d’une matrice de capteurs chimiques. Malgré des résultats très prometteurs, le diagnostic reste encore approximatif essentiellement dû au traitement du signal post-analyse qui s’avère compliqué.

A travers deux études doctorales et grâce à des compétences dans les domaines des micro-capteurs chimiques et de la micro-fluidique l’équipe MINAMAS du département MN2S a réussi à réaliser un premier prototype de laboratoire miniaturisé sur silicium. Inspiré de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse, il permet l’analyse simultanée de traces de composés organiques volatils considérés comme des marqueurs chimiques du cancer du poumon.

Ces travaux publiés récemment dans le journal Sensors and Actuators B ont été rendus possibles grâce à des collaborations très fortes avec des chercheurs de l’ICB de Dijon et l’Institut Jean Lamour d’Epinal.

Contact : Jean-Baptiste Sanchez

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