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Des biopuces pour percer les mécanismes de développement des cancers

Les chimiothérapies à base de 5-fluoroUracile (5-FU) agissent sur la division cellulaire et peuvent ainsi interrompre la croissance tumorale, cependant l’efficacité ce ces drogues s’avère aujourd’hui limitée car le traitement induit la libération d’hormones du système immunitaire, en particulier les interleukines, qui favorisent l’apparition de nouvelles tumeurs. C’est «l’effet rebond ».

Elucider le mécanisme d’induction des interleukines sous chimiothérapie permettrait d’envisager de bloquer leurs actions et d’améliorer de façon significative l’efficacité du traitement au 5-FU.

Une avancée majeure vient d’être obtenue par l’équipe du Pr. François Ghiringhelli (Inserm Avenir, CGFL, Dijon) appuyé par le potentiel biopuce à résonance des plasmons de surface (SPR) présent au sein du département MN2S de FEMTO-ST (Bruchard et al., Nature Med, Jan 2013). C’est au travers d’une étude d’interaction biomoléculaire effectuée à partir de biopuces conçues et fabriquées au sein des plateformes MIMENTO et CLIPP qu’une interaction majeure entre deux protéines (cathepsine β et NLRP3) a été certifiée directe et spécifique. Cette reconnaissance permet ainsi la libération d’interleukine 1 à l’origine de l’effet rebond Ce mécanisme élucidé in vitro a permis d’engager des études sur le petit animal dépourvu de la voie de synthèse de l’interleukine 1 (IL-1). Les taux de guérison indiquent qu'une meilleure stratégie chimiothérapeutique sera à l’avenir de combiner l'inhibition del'IL-1 et un traitement au 5-FU.

Cet article vient d’être « highlighted » par l’éditeur en chef de Science Signaling (L. K. Ferrarelli, Chemotherapeutics Inflame Tumor Growth. Sci. Signal.6, ec12 (2013)) comme étude à très fort impact pour la compréhension de l’effet rebond (et les moyens de s’en prévenir) observé fréquemment en chimiothérapie.

Contact : Wilfrid Boireau (wilfrid.boireau@femto-st.fr)

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